SSPI Indicator Table
Explore the complete structure, definitions, and metadata of the SSPI Policy Indicators and their underlying datasets. Click on indicators to view their constituent datasets and methodological details, or follow links to view data for each indicator.
Policy
Protection of Biodiversity
Description
Percentage of important sites for terrestrial, freshwater, and marine biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type.
Datasets
Policy
Endangered Species Protection
Description
Measures the level of extinction risk across species within a country. Index values of 1 represent all species qualifying as having an extinction risk of “least concern,” while values of 0 represent all species having gone extinct.
Datasets
Policy
Sustainable Agriculture Practice
Description
An index measuring the sustainability of Nitrogen management based on Nitrogen use efficiency (in agriculture) and land use efficiency (crop yield). The Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (SNMI) seeks to balance the efficient application of nitrogen fertilizer with maximum crop yields as a measure of the environmental performance of agricultural production. The 2022 EPI uses the SNMI as a proxy for agricultural drivers of environmental damage.
Datasets
Policy
Water Conservation
Description
Average of the following two metrics: 1. Change in Water Use Efficiency (WUE), 2018 compared with 2010-2015 average: WUE is the value added of a given major sector divided by the volume of water used. WUE at the national level is the sum of the efficiencies in the major economic sectors weighted according to the proportion of water withdrawn by each sector over the total withdrawals 2. Level of Water Stress: Freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources is the ratio between total freshwater withdrawal by major economic sectors and total renewable freshwater resources, after taking into account environmental water requirements. This indicator is also known as water withdrawal intensity.
Datasets
Policy
Chemical Waste Management
Description
Compliance with three treaties
Datasets
Policy
Forest Management
Description
Percentage change in naturally regenerating forests from a 1990’s average to 2018.
Datasets
Policy
Carbon Sequestration
Description
Percentage change in the ratio of carbon stock in living biomass over forestland from a 1990’s average to 2018.
Datasets
Policy
Emissions from transportation (transport CO2)
Description
CO2 emissions from transport in tonnes per inhabitant, tonnes referring to thousands of kilograms. This includes domestic aviation, domestic navigation, road, rail and pipeline transport.
Datasets
Policy
Methane Emissions
Description
The average of two measures: beef and buffalo meat produced in kilograms per person, and per capita meat (beef) consumption. UN population estimates were used.
Datasets
Policy
Fossil Fuel and Air Pollution
Description
Percentage of a country's total energy supply generated from coal and coal derived sources, computed as the ratio of coal energy to total energy supply.
Datasets
Policy
Renewable Energy Incentives
Description
Total energy supply (excluding exports) supply from “renewable sources” (RE = nuclear, hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, wind, and biofuels) minus half of total final energy supply from biofuel sources (BIO) to penalize countries for unsustainable overreliance on biofuels. AE = RE – 0.5 *BIO.
Datasets
Policy
Energy Efficiency
Description
Energy intensity level of primary energy measured in megajoules per constant 2017 purchasing power parity GDP.
Datasets
Policy
Pollution Limitation
Description
Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in cities (population weighted) measured in micrograms per cubic meter of air (μg/m3).
Datasets
Policy
Wasteful Consumption
Description
Annual amount of per capita Municipal Solid Waste (kg/capita/year), which is defined as residential, commercial, and institutional waste (Industrial, medical, hazardous, electronic, and construction and demolition waste are not included).
Datasets
Policy
Circular End-of-Life Waste Treatment
Description
The quantity of material recycled in the country over total waste generated Recycling does not include controlled combustion, incineration, or land application.
Datasets
Policy
Reduction of Unsustainable Consumption Among Elites
Description
Proportion of CO2 Emissions attributable to the Top 10% of earners.
Datasets
Policy
Job placement policies
Description
Sum of all employed workers ages 25-54 divided by the total number of people in that age group.
Datasets
Policy
Labor rights
Description
The proportion of workers whose terms and conditions at work are determined by collective bargaining as opposed to individual contracts.
Datasets
Policy
Provision of Unemployment Benefits
Description
Percentage of unemployed receiving unemployment benefits.
Datasets
Policy
Maternity leave
Description
Paid parental leave available to mothers (full-rate equivalent) in weeks during the first year.
Datasets
Policy
Health and Safety Regulation
Description
Number of fatal injuries per 100,000 workers.
Datasets
Description
Average of two measures: 1) Old Age Income Poverty 2) Retirement Wellbeing
Datasets
Policy
Corporate Tax
Description
Tax imposed on the net income of the company.
Datasets
Policy
Role of Public Sector
Description
Tax revenue as percentage of GDP.
Datasets
Policy
Tax Redistribution
Description
Tax Redistribution measures the percentage change in the income share ratio (a measure of the inequality of the income distribution) induced by the tax code.
Datasets
Policy
Regulation of Nonperforming Loans
Description
The percentage of loans that are nonperforming, meaning that the borrower is default due to not making the scheduled periods.
Datasets
Policy
Access to and Engagement with the Formal Financial Sector
Description
This measure is an aggregation using the simple mean of the following measures: 1) The financial resources provided to the private sector by financial\ corporations as a percentage of GDP. 2) Deposited money in banks and other financial\ institutions as a percentage of GDP.
Datasets
Policy
Bank Account Ownership
Description
Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population ages 15+).
Datasets
Policy
Income Inequality and Redistribution
Description
The pre-tax national income share of the bottom 50% of households divided by the pre-tax national income share of the top 10% of households.
Datasets
Policy
Income Inequality and Redistribution
Description
GINI Coefficient for post-tax-and-transfer income distribution.
Datasets
Policy
Accessibility of Primary Education
Description
The ratio of the number of children of official primary school age who are enrolled in primary education to the total population of children of official primary school age, expressed as a percentage.
Datasets
Policy
Accessibility of Lower Secondary Education
Description
The ratio of the number of children of official secondary school age who are enrolled in secondary education to the total population of children of official secondary school age, expressed as a percentage.
Datasets
Policy
Years of Compulsory Education
Description
Total years of compulsory education
Datasets
Policy
Investment in and Recruitment of Teachers
Description
Average number of pupils per teacher in primary school, based on headcounts of both pupils and teachers.
Datasets
Policy
Basic Healthcare
Description
The proportion of births attended by trained and/or skilled health personnel.
Datasets
Policy
Preventative Health
Description
The estimated percentage of children aged 12–23 months who received three doses of the combined diphtheria, tetanus toxoid and pertussis vaccine time before the survey.
Datasets
Policy
Investments in Healthcare
Description
Number of medical doctors (physicians), both generalists and specialists, expressed per 10,000 people.
Datasets
Policy
Family Planning
Description
Modeled data on unmet need for family planning is defined as the percentage of women of reproductive age, either married or in a union, who have an unmet need for family planning (any modern method).
Datasets
Policy
Nutrition
Description
Estimated prevalence of stunting in children under 5 (%).
Datasets
Policy
Electrification
Description
Arithmetic mean of two measures: 1) The percentage of the population with access to electricity 2) Executive opinion survey responses to the question: “In your country, how would you assess the reliability of the electricity supply?”
Datasets
Policy
Sanitation Infrastructure
Description
The percentage of people using at least basic sanitation services, that is, improved sanitation facilities that are not shared with other households.
Datasets
Policy
Water Infrastructure
Description
Percentage of population using safely managed drinking water services.
Datasets
Policy
Connectivity Policy
Description
Arithmetic mean of two measures: 1) Percentage of households with internet access 2) Fixed broadband download speed in Mbps.
Datasets
Policy
Transport Infrastructure
Description
The average of two measures: the natural log of rail lines per square kilometer (millions) per capita (millions) and the natural log of roadways per square kilometer per capita.
Datasets
Policy
Judicial System
Description
Rule of Law Index measures extent to which laws are transparently, independently, predictably, impartially, equally enforced, and extent to which the actions of government officials comply with the law. Measured from low to high (0-1).
Datasets
Policy
Government and Civil Service
Description
Perceptions of the quality of public services, quality of the civil service and its independence from political pressures, quality of policies and implementation, and credibility of the government's commitment to policies. Measured from -2.5 to 2.5.
Datasets
Policy
Political Participation and Influence
Description
Electoral Democracy Index seeks to embody the core values that make rulers responsive to citizens through elections and freedom of expression.
Datasets
Policy
Basic Human Rights
Description
Proportion of 9 core UN conventions (ICERD, ICCPR, ICESCR, CEDAW, CAT, CRC, ICMW, CPED, & CRPD) and 3 optional UN protocols (OP-CRC-AC, OP-CRC-SC, & ICCPR-OP2) that have been ratified, acquired, or succeeded.
Datasets
Policy
Equality in Politics and Before the Law
Description
Weighted average of proportion of women in parliament from IPU and 3 indices from World Bank Women, Business and Law Index (WB-WBL): 1) Percentage of women in the national parliament. [Weight 0.4] 2) Mobility: Women have equal access to passports, foreign travel, domestic travel, and housing (4 Q’s, each worth 0.25 for yes, 0 for no). [Weight: 0.2] 3) Marriage: Women protected by law from domestic violence and subservience; have equal access to divorce and remarriage. (5Qs, worth 0.2 for yes, 0 for no). [Weight: 0.2] 4) Assets, Pensions: Women have equal access to credit, inheritance, pensions, and retirement. Combines two measurements made up of 7 questions.3 [Weight: 0.2]
Datasets
Policy
Gun control. Police Enforcement
Description
Intentional homicides per 100,000 people.
Policy
National Cybersecurity
Description
The Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) is a composite index combining 25 indicators into one benchmark for the laws, institutions, and competence.5
Datasets
Policy
Capability of the Security Apparatus
Description
The Security Apparatus is a component of the Fragile State Index, which considers the security threats to a state such as bombings, attacks/battle-related deaths, rebel movements, mutinies, coups, or terrorism. It is an index scored between 0 and 10.
Datasets
Policy
Criminal Justice Policy
Description
Prison population rate per 100,000 of the national population. Population sourced from the WorldBank.
Datasets
Policy
Arms Policy
Description
Arm transfers: the supply of military weapons through sales, aid, gifts, and those made through manufacturing licenses.
Datasets
Policy
Defense Policy
Description
Military expenditure (local currency at current prices) according to the calendar year as a percentage of GDP.
Datasets
Policy
Public R&D
Description
Arithmetic mean of two datasets: 1. Proportion of GDP spent on R&D. 2. Number of researchers per 1 million people (weight 0.50).
Datasets
Policy
Quality and Quantity of Foreign Aid
Description
Countries grouped as “Donors” or “Recipients” based on their reported status in the OECD CRS database. Good foreign aid excludes investments in fossil fuel extraction and energy systems, livestock, and military aid. 1) Donors: Total Good Foreign Aid as a Percentage of GDP 2) Recipients: Total Good Foreign Aid per Capita reflects the extent to which recipient countries solicit foreign aid for their population.